![]() A succession of military dictatorships would follow until 1991, when the country held its first multi-party election and established a new constitution and a parliamentary government. In 1960 Burkina Faso gained its independence, but was torn by a military coup a decade later. Another African, Paul Zoungrana (1917 –2000), became archbishop of Ouagadougou in 1960 and served as cardinal from 1965 to 1995. In 1955 the Archdiocese of Ouagadougou was created and made the single metropolitan see.ĭieudonn é Yougbar é was made bishop of Koup éla in 1956, the first native of West Africa to receive episcopal consecration. A minor seminary opened in 1926, and a major one in 1942. Conversions were most common among the Mossi, who had previously accepted Islam. The first Burkinabe baptisms were in 1905. ![]() Catholic evangelization began almost immediately after the French arrived, when the Algerian-based White Fathers (now the missionaries of africa) traveled from Sudan and Dahomey (modern Benin) and founded missions at Koup éla (1900) and Ouagadougou (1901). In 1897 the French entered the region and incorporated Burkina Faso first into French Sudan (now Mali) and then as Upper Volta. Muslim influence dates from the 11th century, when Burkina Faso was ruled by competing Mossi states. Other tribes include the Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani.Įcclesiastically, the Archdiocese of Ouagadougou oversees the diocese of Bobo-Dioulasso, Di ébougou, Fada N'Gourma, Kaya, Koudougou, Koup éla, Manga, Nouna-D édougou, Ouahigouya, and Banfora. Nearly half the Burkinabe population are Mossi, who controlled the area until the late 19th century. ![]() The region's 160 or so ethnic groups, very unequal in size, comprise three main families. One of the poorest nations in the world, Burkina Faso was a French territory until 1960. Although natural resources include marble, gold, and manganese and zinc deposits, the country's impoverished population engages in subsistence agriculture while serving as migratory labor to surrounding nations. A vast plateau, 650 to 1,000 feet in elevation, Burkina Faso has seen increasing desertification due to the encroachment of the Sahara Desert. Bordered on the west and north by Mali, it shares its eastern border with Niger and Benin, its southern border with Togo, Ghana, and the Ivory Coast. ETUDES ET ESSAIS Jack Goody Establishing Control Violence along the Black Volta at the Beginning of Colonial Rule Many countries of the African continent are racked by violence which radically affects their political stability In this paper aim to compare the earlier incidences of violence at the beginning of colonial rule in small corner of Africa the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast now Ghana with view to establishing differences between former states and tribal acephalous groups in that area and seeing how these affected the situation in colonial and independent regimes The boundary between states and tribes is not clear dichotomy there are intermediary socio political formations But the differences in that region were clear- cut enough to impress the early travellers especially Ferguson Ghanaian and administrators like Northcott) as well as most subsequent observers want to analyse the state of affairs in the north-west of the Gold Coast immediately before the occupation of the area by the British and the establishment of Protectorate as model for past and present conflicts elsewhere in Africa want to indicate the kind of forces that were impinging on the lives of the inhabitants and the nature of the violence that obtained there both external and internal and to see how the present incidence of political violence is structured by the earlier regimes whether we are dealing with the successors of centralised states or of acephalous tribes This endeavour involves detailed examination of early colonial records in the light of subsequent anthropological research But only the records themselves can indicate the levels of violence at the time of the conquest and the nature of the force used to establish the Pax Britannica that in effect endured until Independence in 1957 Memory and oral history are very inadequate guides for the early period.Formerly called Upper Volta, the Republic of Burkina Faso is located in West Africa.
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